Greetings everyone. We will continue with our presentation on Design Thinking with these next five set of design thinking principles. We've talked about the first five, and we'll continue drawing in this mind map, fill in the next five of the design principles that we'll talk about in this presentation. So let's jump right into it. The first one, or I will say the sixth one, after the first five, is design thinking is experimental. In other words, it's about trial and error. One of the key things that happens with design is that you have to test your ideas. You come up with a solution problem, after you see the problem, come up with a solution. You test it, see how it works, if it works, fantastic, you can move forward with it. But in most cases, there will be some issues with it that don't quite work. You come back. You try again. You make another iteration. You try again. You keep testing your solutions as you move forward. That's a key part of design thinking. Design thinking is also prototype-driven. Now, let's talk about the word prototype. Theres a broad range of prototypes that exist in the world. You can make a really, really low fidelity, simple prototype for a device, a product. Or you could make an extremely complex, fully functional prototype. If you take the example of this remote control, this remote control is used to forward and back slides. If you make a model for this, just to see what if feels like, what its weight is, that's made out of a piece of wood or a piece of plastic, that might just be a simple prototype. But if you make a fully functional piece with the second board inside, with all the buttons functional, it could be a functioning prototype. The key thing is that, in the design process, it's important for us to constantly make prototype just to make sure that we feel early enough, and see how can we then move forward. One keen key thing to keep in mind about failures, about failing, this is what Thomas Edison said. And we all know Thomas Edison is one of the most prolific inventors of all time. He said, I have not failed. I have only found 10,000 ways that don't work. It's only when you find multiple ways by which something does not work is when you can actually move forward and come up with a solution that actually does work in this world. So prototyping and failing are both important and critical functions of the design thinking process. Design thinking is also collaborative. Very often, the problems that design takes on are complex. They are difficult and therefore you need to have teams of people working on them. No one individual can often solve these problems. And therefore, the team-based approach to design which involves several hands and several legs working, walking, trying things out, that is critical to the design process. So having larger number of people involved means more bodies, more hands, more feet, more brains, and therefore, potentially better solutions to the problem. One key thing to keep in mind with the team and with collaboration is that if you have diversity in that team, if you have people from a variety of background, a variety of disciplines, it gets a lot more interesting and your solution, might be a lot more comprehensive. I give an example. So this is a team of students working in a program called Innovation Space at Arizona State University. They're undergraduate seniors and these students are working on a very complex problem of designing something that it make life easier for an individual who might be in a wheelchair. So we have five students in this team. A student from the school of business. A student from the design school from industrial design. A student from the school of sustainability. Another student from design from visual communication design or graphic design department and one student from the School of Engineering. So these five students, work on a team, and you can see that they're five different discipline represented on this team. And therefore, the solution that they came up with not only had a product component but it was engineered, it was branded and advertised, had a component of sustainability and had a business plan as well. So you can see how if you have a comprehensive team, you can have a comprehensive solution to the problem as well. One other thing to keep in mind about design thinking is that it is based on systems, it exists in systems, it's a part of systems. So when any new thing is introduced in the world, it could be a new product, it could be new highway, it could be a new building, it could be new city that does change the rest of the stuff that happened around it. Just like an ecosystem. An ecosystem that exists in nature, is a network, it's a network of a variety of organisms that interact with each other, but also interact with the environment in which they live. So in this Lake Ecosystem that you see in this image, you have multiple organisms, you have microbes, you have things that live in the earth, you have things that are in the water, things that are in the sky. So air, water, soil are interacting with all of these organisms at multiple scales and that creates an ecosystem. The same thing applies to the artificial world as well just like the natural ecosystem, we have product ecosystem. Any new thing that is introduce into this world becomes a part of that system. Therefore, we redesign something new. One of the key components of design thinking is that you imagine and planned for the potential impact of that one thing on the ecosystem. That's another key part of design thinking. So we've talked about five key components of design thinking. This make a total of ten so far. And we'll talk about five more. These are, the design thinking is experimenting, it's driven by prototypes, it's collaborative, since by diversity and it's based on systems. These five principles haven't applied in this device that you see in front of you on the screen. This is actually a chair that is a new form of a cushion and a seating that seats in a wheel chair so imagine the wheelchair that exists now very often just has a standard flat back and a flat seat this is inspired by the kinds of seating that you see in automobiles today. Some unique things about this chair. One, is that the cushions that you see in this chair have inflatable air bladders in them. Reason for that is if someone spends 8, 10, 12, 15 hours in a chair, the pressure that exists in the seating position, the pressure that exists on the lower part of the legs, can be very detrimental to the person's health. It can lead to something called pressure sores. The continuous impact of continuous pressure that the leg has with the seat can lead to these problems. And so, what this cushion does, is that by inflating and deflating air pockets that are in the cushion, it relieves pressure and therefore minimizes the problems of having pressure sores. So some principles of design thinking are involved here, so the five that we talked about today. Design thinking is experimental. The students try different kinds of techniques and different kinds of solutions, before they came up with what is now the final solution. They prototyped, they've tried to make things out of cardboard and out of paper to see what this could look like, what it would feel like. They were collaborative, they work in team as you saw the student team. They had students from product design, graphic design, business, engineering and sustainability, you can also see it was a diverse team, diversity and finally they realize that this cushion, this seat is part of a larger ecosystem. We looked at the relationship of the wheelchair to insurance agencies, we looked at the relationship to manufacturing, of course we looked at what the user experiences in the wheelchair. So that we realize that this is a part of a larger ecosystem, as well. So those five design principles have been taken into account in the design of this new cushion for wheelchair that minimize the problems of pressure sores. I hope you enjoyed learning about this five principles of design thinking that we're talked about today. Thank you.
