Welcome back at the start of the final week of this course. This time the subject is linguistic diversity, creativity, and social transformation, keep up the good work. Let's say this fifth part will bring to an end this course on linguistic diversity, we've dealt with diversity from multiple aspects and perspectives. We define diversity as a fact to be seen, not as a complication, but instead as a complex, yet always as an asset, and an opportunity. We've seen phenomena of linguistic revitalization, and the importance of languages in the cultural and geographical context. We could not but deal with the issue of linguistic diversity in the field of artistic creation. As an element of great importance in an interconnected world, where many languages coexist, this raises challenges and opportunities to be exploited. Some art forms have their own means of expression, instrumental music, dance, mime, the visual arts, they don't make direct use of language. But these varied means of expression also helped to forge, and expand cultural diversity, which is expressed in the multiple world's set language conveys. This linguistic diversity bears with it an inherent cultural load, that flows over into many artistic manifestations, and that enhances creativity. It therefore needs to be protected, because it will end up expressing itself, either directly, or by being translated into a gesture, a color, a finger, an expression, a volume, or whatever. Other art forms do directly use human language, in actual fact we could say that they are made of language. And here linguistic diversity can make utterly innovative, and enriching contributions, and does so. Theater, literature in its multiple genres, cinema, these are good examples of this. Linguistic difference needs to be taken advantage of, in order to establish a more cohesive and advanced amalgam, but displays the richness of diversity in all its aspects. The Italian playwright Antonio Tarantino, who passed away recently, speaks to us of the importance of language, when it comes to shaping a character. And I read, language makes the character, because language tells a story, and outside their own language characters could not be who they are, and could not say, nor could they make sense of what they say, and what they want to give meaning to, this in a nutshell is the importance of language. And any work that wants to express the complexity of our current society, has to draw on this diversity, and this also goes for other creative fields like advertising. And if there's a practice that more than any other is born of linguistic diversity, it's the art of translation. The task of which is not just to display this diversity, but to act as a bridge for understanding, for shortening distances between languages, and in a process, between cultures. Translation brings languages towards each other, and shortens the distances between the culture that each language represents. Since in translating, it's a matter of taking into account not only the message, but also other components that the language conveys, such as the cultural code of the country of origin, its rhythms, particular customs, foods, smells, visions of the world, and so on. Translation is inherent to human language, the very fact of speech is a translation of one's own thoughts. We are all translators in some way, but a host of factors need to be taken into account, when translating, they have to be completely brought into the end result. We face plenty of challenges, machine translation copes with a translation of many functional texts. But be aware it can never completely replace human translation, which does consider many other factors, such as those I've just mentioned, and deals with the full complexity of the text. And in the last place, in such a diverse and diversified world, we must think of the role played by large languages, often with imperialist attitudes, that entail silencing languages with fewer speakers. We have to clamour for equal opportunities in the translations of languages, with fewer speakers, or not so well positioned on the international scene. Because if they are kept muted, then this diversity will encounter a face on threat. This diversity is essential for social transformation, if we are to build societies, that are more fair, and equitable from a linguistic point of view. So to end a few questions, can we agree that artistic production can help social transformation through integration? Could you think of a project in which art has played a role in encouraging diversity? Secondly, does translation from one language to another, as a bridge between cultures, bear alongside this opportunity of getting to know the other, and thereby getting to respect diversity, and how could you defend this? And thirdly, our languages with imperialistic attitudes an obstacle to the fostering of diversity, and we'd like to hear your explanation. So do enjoy this last week, and play an active role in all the activities. And thank you for all your contributions, on behalf of Lingual Backs International Team, thank you.
