Hello, this is Elena Brewer and I'm back to talk more about nanotechnology. But this time we'll concentrate more on the potential pathways to enter the nanotechnology workforce. If you decide to work in a field of nano, most likely your workplace will be cleanroom. That means that you're going to be working in a very highly controlled like pollution controlled, air quality control, temperature controlled, and humidity controlled environment. If you are working and building very, very small devices, then even a dust particle of a half micron or bigger would look like a mountain with something which is only 20 nanometers large. It would contaminate a lot of devices on your wafer. That's one of the reasons we have to keep and try a very, very high standard of clean air in the facility you're working with any nanotechnology fabrication and even characterization. Typically the biggest contaminant in a cleanroom is going to be you. You will have to protect cleanroom from yourself and that means you're going to be wearing a headcover and goggles and mask, gloves, some kind of smoke or Tyvek bunny suit, and booty covers. You will try to isolate yourself as completely as possible from the cleanroom. That's because even when we don't do much just exhaling the air is going to introduce a lot of contaminants in the cleanroom. You need a mask. Even from your skin, you are shedding millions of particles per minute. That's why you need to wear gloves and pretty much cover most of your body so that a cleanroom is not exposed to you. You're going to be working with highly tied protocols because a lot of processes involve hazardous chemicals, so you need to learn how to properly work with them. Most likely you will be trained and retrained yearly on safety protocols. You would be working with things like a vacuum system, so that could be an electrical hazard. You also will be working with a gas bottle at very high pressure. It also introduces its own set of hazards, so working in a cleanroom is not trivial, but it is well worth the final result. If you want to become a part of nanoforces, you could actually enter it at different levels and those different levels will provide you different types of jobs. If you, for example, love working with your hands in technical technician types of jobs, a two-year degree in nanotechnology, nanoscience, or semiconductor fabrication would be a good place to start. Types of jobs you would get towards a two-year degree. I'll give you some examples; you could be a processing technician or fabrication technician, you could be doing quality control for the process steps, you could be dealing with the characterization of materials. You might be working solely on a couple of very high-end characterization equipment pieces, or you could be a cleanroom equipment technician responsible for maintenance and responsible for installation and proper functioning of the equipment. If you go different rounds and you get a four-year degree in fields like nanotechnology or nanoscience, material science engineering, physics, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, chemistry, electrical, engineering, and material design. Those are just few possible pathways for you to be able to work in the cleanroom. Lots of universities and colleges that offer degrees are listed here. But if you decide to go this route, you are most likely going to be working in the capacity of engineer. You'll be helping to design processes, tweak processes, make sure that everything is working the way it is, and technician personnel will be helping you to do the hand on part of the process. If that's not what you want to do, and if you'd rather do research and developmental teaching, you might want to look into graduate degrees in things like material science, engineering, physics, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, even chemistry, and electrical engineering with concentration, with research, which you actually do in a cleanroom using cleanroom equipment.